1 Babban Aikace-aikace
Gudun tafiya mara kyau da mutane ke hulɗa da su a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma an yi shi da nau'i-nau'i masu kama da juna waɗanda aka tattara su cikin daure. Roving untwisted za a iya raba iri biyu: alkali-free da kuma matsakaici-alkali, wanda aka yafi bambanta bisa ga bambancin gilashin abun da ke ciki. Domin samar da ƙwararrun rovings na gilashi, diamita na filayen gilashin da aka yi amfani da su ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 12 zuwa 23 μm. Saboda halayensa, ana iya amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen samar da wasu abubuwa masu haɗaka, kamar iska da pultrusion tafiyar matakai. Kuma ana iya saƙa ta a cikin yadudduka masu yawo, musamman saboda tashin hankali iri ɗaya. Bugu da kari, filin aikace-aikace na yankakken roving yana da fadi sosai.
1.1.1Juyawa mara kyau don jetting
A cikin tsarin gyare-gyaren allura na FRP, motsi mara ƙarfi dole ne ya sami kaddarorin masu zuwa:
(1) Tun da ana buƙatar ci gaba da yankewa a cikin samarwa, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa an samar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki a lokacin yankan, wanda ke buƙatar kyakkyawan aikin yankewa.
(2) Bayan an yanke, yawan danyen siliki mai yawa yana da tabbacin samar da siliki, don haka ingantaccen siliki yana da tabbacin yin girma. Ingancin tarwatsa roving cikin igiyoyi bayan yanke ya fi girma.
(3) Bayan yankakken, don tabbatar da cewa za a iya rufe danyen yarn a kan mold, danyen yarn dole ne ya kasance da fim mai kyau.
(4) Domin ana buƙatar sauƙi mirgina don fitar da kumfa na iska, ana buƙatar kutsawa cikin guduro cikin sauri.
(5)Saboda nau'ikan bindigogin feshi iri-iri, don dacewa da bindigogi daban-daban, tabbatar da cewa kaurin danyen waya ya yi matsakaici.
SMC, wanda kuma aka sani da fili gyare-gyare, ana iya gani a ko'ina cikin rayuwa, kamar sanannun sassan mota, baho da kujeru daban-daban waɗanda ke amfani da roving SMC. A cikin samarwa, akwai buƙatu da yawa don roving don SMC. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da kyakkyawan fata, kyawawan kaddarorin antistatic, da ƙarancin ulu don tabbatar da cewa takardar SMC da aka samar ta cancanta. Don SMC mai launi, buƙatun roving sun bambanta, kuma dole ne a sauƙaƙe shiga cikin guduro tare da abun ciki na pigment. Yawancin lokaci, roving fiberglass na SMC na yau da kullun shine 2400tex, kuma akwai kuma wasu lokuta inda yake 4800tex.
1.1.3Juyawa mara jujjuyawa don jujjuyawa
Domin yin bututun FRP tare da kauri daban-daban, hanyar jujjuyawar tankin ajiya ta kasance. Don motsi don iska, dole ne ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa.
(1) Dole ne ya zama mai sauƙi don yin tef, yawanci a cikin siffar tef ɗin lebur.
(2) Tun da hawan da ba a karkace gabaɗaya yana da saurin faɗowa daga madauki lokacin da aka janye shi daga bobbin, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa lalacewarsa yana da kyau, kuma siliki da ke haifarwa ba zai iya zama m kamar gidan tsuntsu ba.
(3) Tashin hankali ba zai iya zama babba ko ƙarami ba kwatsam, kuma abin mamaki na overhang ba zai iya faruwa ba.
(4) Abubuwan buƙatu mai yawa na layin layi don motsi mara jujjuyawa shine ya zama iri ɗaya kuma ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar.
(5) Don tabbatar da cewa yana da sauƙi a jika lokacin wucewa ta cikin tanki na resin, ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da roving ya zama mai kyau.
Ana amfani da tsarin pultrusion sosai wajen kera bayanan martaba daban-daban tare da daidaitattun sassan giciye. Roving don pultrusion dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa abun ciki na fiber gilashinsa da ƙarfin unidirectional suna kan babban matakin. Roving don pultrusion da ake amfani da shi wajen samarwa shine haɗe-haɗe na ɗanyen siliki da yawa, wasu kuma na iya zama rovings kai tsaye, duka biyun suna yiwuwa. Sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin sa sun yi kama da waɗanda ke cikin iska.
1.1.5 Roving mara kyau don Saƙa
A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, muna ganin yadudduka na gingham masu kauri daban-daban ko yadudduka masu motsi a cikin hanya guda, wanda shine siffar wani muhimmin amfani da roving, wanda ake amfani da shi don saƙa. Roving da ake amfani da shi kuma ana kiransa roving don saƙa. Yawancin waɗannan yadudduka ana haskaka su a cikin gyare-gyaren FRP na hannu. Don aikin saƙa, dole ne a cika waɗannan buƙatun:
(1) Yana da ingantacciyar juriya.
(2) Mai sauƙin kaset.
(3) Domin an fi amfani da shi wajen yin saƙa, dole ne a sami matakin bushewa kafin yin saƙar.
(4) Dangane da tashin hankali, an fi tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya zama babba ko karami ba kwatsam, kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi daidai. Kuma cika wasu sharudda dangane da wuce gona da iri.
(5) Lalacewa ta fi.
(6) Yana da sauƙi a shigar da shi ta hanyar resin lokacin wucewa ta cikin tanki na guduro, don haka dole ne ya zama mai kyau.
1.1.6 Juyawa mara kyau don preform
Abin da ake kira tsarin preform, gabaɗaya magana, shine riga-kafi, kuma ana samun samfurin bayan matakan da suka dace. A cikin samarwa, da farko muna sare roving, kuma mu fesa yankakken roving a kan gidan yanar gizon, inda gidan yanar gizon dole ne ya zama gidan yanar gizon da aka ƙaddara. Sa'an nan kuma fesa resin don siffa. A ƙarshe, ana saka samfurin da aka siffa a cikin ƙirar, kuma ana allurar resin sannan a danna zafi don samun samfurin. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na wasan kwaikwayo na preform rovings sun yi kama da na jet rovings.
1.2 Gilashin fiber roving masana'anta
Akwai yadudduka masu yawo da yawa, kuma gingham yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. A cikin tsarin FRP na sa hannu, ana amfani da gingham a matsayin mafi mahimmancin madauri. Idan kuna son ƙara ƙarfin gingham, to kuna buƙatar canza yanayin warp da saƙa na masana'anta, wanda za'a iya juya shi zuwa gingham unidirectional. Don tabbatar da ingancin zane mai duba, dole ne a tabbatar da halaye masu zuwa.
(1) Don masana'anta, ana buƙatar ya kasance mai laushi gaba ɗaya, ba tare da ɓarke ba, gefuna da sasanninta ya kamata su kasance madaidaiciya, kuma kada a sami alamun datti.
(2) Tsawon, nisa, inganci, nauyi da yawa na masana'anta dole ne su dace da wasu ka'idoji.
(3) Gilashin fiber filaments dole ne a mirgina da kyau.
(4) Don samun damar shigar da guduro cikin sauri.
(5) bushewa da zafi na yadudduka da aka saka a cikin samfura daban-daban dole ne su cika wasu buƙatu.
1.3 Glass fiber mat
1.3.1Yankakken tabarma
Da farko yanke igiyoyin gilashin kuma yayyafa su a kan bel ɗin raga da aka shirya. Sai a yayyafa daurin a kai, a zafi shi ya narke, sannan a sanyaya shi ya dahu, sai yankakken tabarma ya samu. Ana amfani da mats ɗin fiber ɗin da aka yanka a cikin tsarin sa hannu da kuma saƙa na membranes na SMC. Don cimma sakamako mafi kyau na amfani da matin yankakken yankakken, a cikin samarwa, abubuwan da ake buƙata don yankakken matin katako sune kamar haka.
(1) Tabarmar yankakken yankakken duka yana da lebur har ma.
(2) Ramukan yankakken tabarma karami ne kuma girmansu iri ɗaya ne
(4) Cika wasu ƙa'idodi.
(5) Ana iya saurin cika shi da guduro.
1.3.2 Tabarmar madaidaicin ci gaba
Gilashin gilashin an shimfiɗa su a kan bel ɗin raga bisa ga wasu buƙatu. Gabaɗaya, mutane sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a shimfiɗa su a cikin adadi na 8. Sa'an nan kuma a yayyafa man foda a sama a zafi don warkewa. Ci gaba da matsi na madauri sun yi nisa fiye da yankakken matsuguni a cikin ƙarfafa kayan haɗin gwiwa, musamman saboda filayen gilashin da ke cikin ci gaba da matsin madauri suna ci gaba. Saboda ingantaccen sakamako na haɓakawa, an yi amfani da shi a cikin matakai daban-daban.
1.3.3Surface Mat
Aikace-aikacen tabarma na sama kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar resin Layer na samfuran FRP, wanda shine matsakaicin alkali gilashin saman tabarma. Dauki FRP a matsayin misali, saboda tabarmar samanta an yi ta ne da matsakaicin gilashin alkali, yana sa FRP ta tabbata a sinadarai. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda shimfidar shimfidar wuri yana da haske sosai kuma yana da bakin ciki, zai iya ɗaukar karin guduro, wanda ba zai iya taka rawar kariya kawai ba amma kuma yana taka rawa mai kyau.
1.3.4Tabarmar allura
An raba tabarma ta allura zuwa nau'i biyu, nau'in farko shine yankakken tsinken allurar fiber. Tsarin samarwa yana da sauƙi, da farko yanke fiber gilashin, girman yana da kusan 5 cm, ba da gangan yayyafa shi akan kayan tushe ba, sa'an nan kuma sanya substrate a kan bel mai ɗaukar nauyi, sannan a huda substrate tare da allurar crochet, saboda Tasirin allurar crochet, Zaɓuɓɓukan suna soke su a cikin ƙasa sannan kuma sun tsokane su don samar da tsari mai girma uku. Substrate ɗin da aka zaɓa shima yana da wasu buƙatu kuma dole ne ya kasance yana jin daɗi. Ana amfani da samfuran tabarma na allura sosai a cikin ƙoshin sauti da kayan haɓakar zafi dangane da kaddarorin su. Tabbas, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin FRP, amma ba a yada shi ba saboda samfurin da aka samu yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma yana da saurin karyewa. Wani nau'in kuma ana kiran shi ci-gaba da tabarma na allurar filament, kuma tsarin samarwa yana da sauqi. Da farko, ana jefa filament ɗin ba da gangan ba akan bel ɗin raga da aka shirya a gaba tare da na'urar jefa waya. Hakazalika, ana ɗaukar allura don acupuncture don samar da tsarin fiber mai girma uku. A cikin fiber gilashin ƙarfafa thermoplastics, ci gaba da matsin allura ana amfani da su sosai.
Za a iya canza zaren gilashin yankakken zuwa siffofi biyu daban-daban a cikin wani takamaiman tsayin tsayin daka ta hanyar dinki na na'urar stitchbonding. Na farko shi ne ya zama yankakken tabarma, wanda zai maye gurbin yankakken madaidaicin madaidaicin abin ɗaure. Na biyu shine matin doguwar fiber, wanda ke maye gurbin tabarma mai ci gaba. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu suna da fa'ida ɗaya. Ba sa amfani da manne a tsarin samarwa, da guje wa gurɓata yanayi da sharar gida, da gamsar da mutane na neman ceton albarkatu da kare muhalli.
1.4 Fibers mai laushi
Tsarin samar da fiber na ƙasa yana da sauƙi. A ɗauki injin niƙa ko injin ƙwallo a sa yankakken zaruruwa a ciki. Nika da niƙa zaruruwa kuma suna da aikace-aikace da yawa a samarwa. A cikin aiwatar da allurar amsawa, fiber ɗin da aka niƙa yana aiki azaman kayan ƙarfafawa, kuma aikinsa ya fi na sauran zaruruwa. Don guje wa tsagawa da haɓaka raguwa a cikin kera simintin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare, ana iya amfani da zaruruwan niƙa a matsayin masu cikawa.
1.5 fiberglass masana'anta
1.5.1Gilashin gilashi
Yana da wani nau'in masana'anta na fiber gilashi. Tufafin gilashin da aka samar a wurare daban-daban yana da ma'auni daban-daban. A fannin zanen gilashi a kasata, an raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: gilashin gilashi mara alkali da matsakaicin gilashin alkali. Ana iya cewa aikace-aikacen kyallen gilashin yana da yawa sosai, kuma ana iya ganin jikin abin hawa, ƙwanƙwasa, tankin ajiya na gama-gari, da sauransu a cikin hoton gilashin da ba shi da alkali. Don matsakaicin alkali gilashin zane, juriya na lalata ya fi kyau, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin samar da marufi da samfuran lalata. Don yin hukunci da halaye na gilashin fiber fiber yadudduka, yana da mahimmanci don farawa daga bangarori hudu, abubuwan da ke cikin fiber kanta, tsarin gilashin fiber fiber, jagorancin warp da weft da ƙirar masana'anta. A cikin jagorar warp da saƙa, yawancin ya dogara da tsarin daban-daban na yarn da ƙirar masana'anta. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki na masana'anta sun dogara ne akan yaƙar warp da yawa da kuma tsarin gilashin fiber gilashi.
1.5.2 Gilashin Ribbon
Gilashin ribbon ya kasu kashi biyu ne, nau’in farko shi ne selvedge, nau’i na biyu kuma shi ne wanda ba a saka ba, wanda ake saka shi bisa tsarin saqa na fili. Za a iya amfani da ribbon gilashi don sassan lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar manyan abubuwan dielectric. Ƙarfafa sassan kayan aikin lantarki.
1.5.3 masana'anta Unidirectional
Yadudduka na unidirectional a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum ana saka su daga yadudduka guda biyu na kauri daban-daban, kuma masana'anta da aka samu suna da ƙarfin gaske a cikin babban shugabanci.
1.5.4 masana'anta mai girma uku
Yaduwar nau'in nau'i uku ya bambanta da tsarin tsarin jirgin sama, yana da girma uku, don haka tasirinsa ya fi fiber na jirgin sama na gaba ɗaya. Abubuwan da aka haɗa da fiber mai girma uku suna da fa'idodin da sauran kayan haɗin fiber-ƙarfafa ba su da su. Saboda fiber yana da nau'i uku, tasirin gabaɗaya ya fi kyau, kuma juriya na lalacewa ya zama mai ƙarfi. Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, karuwar bukatarsa a sararin samaniya, motoci da jiragen ruwa ya sa wannan fasaha ta kara girma, kuma a yanzu ta mamaye wani wuri a fagen wasanni da kayan aikin likita. Nau'o'in masana'anta masu girma uku an raba su zuwa rukuni biyar, kuma akwai siffofi da yawa. Ana iya ganin cewa sararin ci gaba na yadudduka masu girma uku yana da girma.
1.5.5 Siffar masana'anta
Ana amfani da yadudduka masu siffa don ƙarfafa kayan haɗin gwiwa, kuma siffar su ya dogara ne akan siffar abin da za a ƙarfafa, kuma, don tabbatar da yarda, dole ne a saka a kan na'ura mai mahimmanci. A cikin samarwa, za mu iya yin siffofi masu ma'ana ko asymmetrical tare da ƙananan iyaka da kuma kyakkyawan fata
1.5.6 Tsage-tsalle core masana'anta
Ƙirƙirar masana'anta na tsagi kuma yana da sauƙi. Ana sanya yadudduka biyu na yadudduka a layi daya, sannan a haɗa su ta hanyar sanduna na tsaye, kuma wuraren da suke giciye suna da tabbacin zama triangles ko rectangles na yau da kullun.
1.5.7 Fiberglas dinka masana'anta
Yadi ne na musamman, mutane kuma suna kiranta da tabarmar saƙa da tabarmar saƙa, amma ba itace da tabarmar kamar yadda muka sani ba a al'ada. Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa akwai wani ɗinki, wanda ba a saƙa tare da saƙa da saƙa ba, amma a madadin saƙa da saƙa. :
1.5.8 Fiberglas insulating hannun riga
Tsarin samarwa yana da sauƙin sauƙi. Da farko, an zaɓi wasu yadudduka na fiber gilashi, sannan a saka su a cikin siffar tubular. Sa'an nan kuma, bisa ga nau'o'in nau'in rufi daban-daban, ana yin samfuran da ake so ta hanyar rufe su da resin.
1.6 Gilashin fiber hade
Tare da ci gaban baje kolin kimiyya da fasaha cikin sauri, fasahar fiber gilashin kuma ta sami ci gaba sosai, kuma samfuran fiber na gilashi daban-daban sun bayyana daga 1970 zuwa yanzu. Gabaɗaya akwai masu zuwa:
(1) Yankakken tabarma + roving mara kyau + yankakken tabarma
(2) Yarinyar roving mara kyau + yankakken tabarma
(3) Yankakken tabarma + tabarma mai ci gaba + yankakken tabarma
(4) Random roving + yankakken asali rabo mat
(5) Unidirectional carbon fiber + yankakken madaidaicin tabarma ko zane
(6) Tabarmar saman + yankakken zaren
(7) Gilashin zane + gilashin bakin ciki sanda ko unidirectional roving + gilashin zane
1.7 Gilashin fiber maras saka masana'anta
Ba a fara gano wannan fasaha a ƙasata ba. An samar da fasahar farko a Turai. Daga baya, saboda ƙaura ɗan adam, an kawo wannan fasaha zuwa Amurka, Koriya ta Kudu da sauran ƙasashe. Domin inganta ci gaban masana'antar fiber gilashi, ƙasata ta kafa manyan masana'antu da yawa tare da saka hannun jari sosai wajen kafa layukan samarwa da yawa. . A cikin ƙasata, mats ɗin da aka shimfiɗa jika na fiber gilashi galibi an raba su zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
(1) Tabarmar rufaffiyar rufi tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka kaddarorin kwalta membran da ƙwalta masu launi, yana sa su fi kyau.
(2) Tabarmar bututu: Kamar sunan, ana amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin bututun mai. Saboda fiber gilashin yana da juriya na lalata, yana iya kare bututun daga lalata.
(3) Ana amfani da tabarma a saman saman samfuran FRP don kare shi.
(4) Ana amfani da tabarmar veneer mafi yawa don bango da rufi saboda yana iya hana fenti daga tsagewa yadda ya kamata. Zai iya sa ganuwar ta fi lebur kuma ba a buƙatar gyara shi tsawon shekaru da yawa.
(5) Ana amfani da tabarmar bene galibi azaman kayan tushe a cikin benayen PVC
(6) Tabarmar katifa; a matsayin kayan tushe a cikin kafet.
(7) Tabarmar laminat ɗin tagulla da ke haɗe da laminate ɗin tagulla na iya haɓaka aikin bugunsa da hakowa.
2 takamaiman aikace-aikace na gilashin fiber
2.1 Ƙarfafa ƙa'ida ta gilashin fiber ƙarfafa kankare
Ka'idar fiber gilashin da aka ƙarfafa simintin yana kama da na gilashin fiber ƙarfafa kayan haɗin gwiwa. Da farko dai, ƙara gilashin gilashi zuwa siminti, gilashin gilashin zai ɗauki nauyin ciki na kayan aiki, don jinkirta ko hana haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. A lokacin samuwar simintin siminti, kayan da ke aiki azaman tarawa zai hana faruwar fasa. Idan jimlar tasirin ya yi kyau sosai, tsagewar ba za su iya fadadawa da shiga ba. Matsayin fiber na gilashi a cikin kankare shine tarawa, wanda zai iya hana haɓakar haɓakawa da haɓaka fasa. Lokacin da tsagewar ya bazu zuwa kusa da fiber na gilashin, fiber na gilashin zai toshe ci gaban tsagewar, don haka ya tilasta wa tsagewar ta karkata, kuma daidai da haka, za a ƙara fadada wurin fashewar, don haka makamashin da ake bukata don haka. barnar kuma za ta karu.
2.2 Tsarin lalacewa na fiber gilashin ƙarfafa kankare
Kafin gilashin fiber ɗin ya ƙarfafa simintin karya, ƙarfin jujjuyawar da yake ɗauka ana raba shi ne ta siminti da fiber gilashin. A lokacin aikin fashewa, za a watsa danniya daga kankare zuwa fiber gilashin da ke kusa. Idan ƙarfin ƙarfi ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, fiber ɗin gilashin zai lalace, kuma hanyoyin lalata sune galibi lalacewa, lalacewar tashin hankali, da lalacewa.
2.2.1 Rashin ƙarfi
Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta za ta lalace. Duk da haka, gilashin fiber yana da nasa abũbuwan amfãni. Yana da tsayi mai tsayi da ƙananan juriya na juriya, don haka inganta ƙarfin juriya na gilashin gilashi yana da rauni.
2.2.2 Rashin tashin hankali
Lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin gilashin ya fi girma fiye da wani matakin, gilashin gilashin zai karya. Idan simintin ya fashe, filayen gilashin zai yi tsayi da yawa saboda nakasar ƙwanƙwasa, ƙarar gefensa zai ragu, kuma ƙarfin ɗaure zai karye da sauri.
2.2.3 Lalacewar cirewa
Da zarar simintin ya karye, za a ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin fiber ɗin gilashin, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin zai fi ƙarfin da ke tsakanin fiber gilashin da simintin, ta yadda fiber ɗin gilashin zai lalace sannan a cire shi.
2.3 Flexural Properties na gilashin fiber ƙarfafa kankare
Lokacin da simintin da aka ƙarfafa ya ɗauki nauyinsa, za'a raba madaidaicin yanayin damuwa zuwa matakai uku daban-daban daga binciken injina, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi. Mataki na farko: nakasawa na roba yana faruwa da farko har sai fashewar farko ta faru. Babban fasalin wannan mataki shi ne cewa nakasawa yana ƙaruwa a layi har zuwa aya A, wanda ke wakiltar ƙarfin farko na ƙarfin gilashin da aka ƙarfafa simintin. Mataki na biyu: da zarar siminti ya tsage, za a tura kayan da yake ɗauka zuwa filayen da ke kusa da su don ɗauka, kuma ana ƙayyade ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi bisa ga fiber ɗin gilashin kanta da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da siminti. Point B shine madaidaicin ƙarfin sassauƙan ƙarfin simintin fiber gilashi. Mataki na uku: kaiwa ga matuƙar ƙarfi, fiber ɗin gilashin ya karye ko kuma a cire shi, sauran zaruruwan za su iya ɗaukar wani ɓangare na kaya don tabbatar da cewa karyewar ba zai faru ba.
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Lokacin aikawa: Jul-06-2022
