labarai

1. Kasuwar ƙasa da ƙasa

Saboda kyawun halayensa, ana iya amfani da zare na gilashi a matsayin madadin ƙarfe. Tare da saurin ci gaban tattalin arziki da fasaha, zare na gilashi yana da muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni kamar sufuri, gini, kayan lantarki, aikin ƙarfe, masana'antar sinadarai, tsaron ƙasa, da kuma kare muhalli. A duk duniya, samar da zare na gilashi da amfani da shi galibi yana da yawa a ƙasashe masu tasowa kamar Turai, Amurka, da Japan. Bugu da ƙari, Turai ita ce yankin da ke da mafi yawan amfani da zare na gilashi a duniya, kuma zare na gilashi da ake buƙata ya kai kashi 35% na jimillar fitarwa a duniya. Nan da shekarar 2008, shirin faɗaɗa masana'antar zare na gilashi a duniya zai yi taka tsantsan. Daga mahangar duniya, ƙarfin samar da zare na gilashi yana nuna yanayin ci gaba a hankali. Nan da shekarar 2010, jimillar samar da zare na gilashi a duniya ya kusa tan miliyan 5, kuma ana sa ran zai girma cikin sauri a nan gaba.

2. Kasuwar cikin gida

Saboda gagarumin gyare-gyaren fasaha, ingancinzaren gilashi Kayayyaki a ƙasata sun kasance a matakin sama, kuma kayayyakin sarrafawa masu zurfi suma suna ƙaruwa kowace shekara. A fannin zare na gilashi a ƙasata, ribar da kamfanoni ke samu tana tsakanin kashi 25-35%, wanda ya fi ƙimar riba ta ƙasashen waje ta kashi 10%. Daga mahangar duniya, masana'antar zare na gilashi ta daɗe tana cikin ikon mallakar kanta. A matsayinta na sabuwar runduna a fannin zare na gilashi, ƙasata tana ƙara ƙarfin samar da ita da fiye da kashi 20% kowace shekara ta hanyar aikin masana kimiyya marasa adadi. Za ta mamaye fiye da kashi 60% na hannun jarin duniya kuma ta zama jagora a kasuwar zare na gilashi ta duniya.

Ci gaban masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi a ƙasara cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya samo asali ne daga fannoni biyu: jan hankalin kasuwannin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Ƙaruwar kasuwar duniya kowace shekara tana sa jimillar buƙata ta ƙaru, kuma tana sa wasu kamfanonin ƙasashen waje su samar da sarari ga kamfanonin cikin gida a kasuwar duniya saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin samarwa; yayin da ci gaban kasuwar cikin gida yana da amfani ga ci gaban kamfanonin da ke ƙasa. Bayan fiye da rabin ƙarni na ci gaba, filin fiber ɗin gilashi na ƙasata ya samar da wani babban girma. Idan aka kwatanta da babban filin fiber ɗin gilashi a duniya, samfuran fiber ɗin gilashi na ƙasata ba su da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da iyakataccen amfani. Amma wannan daidai ne daga wani ra'ayi, masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi na ƙasata tana samun ci gaba kowace rana, kuma akwai sarari da yawa don ingantawa.

Masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi ta ƙasata ba ta fara da wuri kamar ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ba, amma bayan shekaru 20 na aiki tuƙuru, masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi ta ƙasata ta sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki. Yawan haɓakar kayayyakin ƙasata yana da sauri sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe masu ci gaba, ƙasata ma tana cikin mafi kyau dangane da ƙimar girma. A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, yawan fiber ɗin gilashi na ƙasata bai kai tan 100,000 ba, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 5% na jimlar yawan fiber ɗin gilashi na duniya. Duk da haka, bayan 1990, masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi ta bunƙasa cikin sauri. Lokacin da masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi ta duniya a 2001-2003 Lokacin da take cikin matsala, ba kamar sauran ƙasashe ba, ƙasarmu ba ta da wani tasiri sosai, kuma samarwa har yanzu tana ƙaruwa. A shekarar 2003, yawan fiber ɗin gilashi na shekara-shekara a ƙasata ya kai tan 470,000, wanda ya kai kashi 20% na jimlar yawan fiber ɗin gilashi na duniya, kuma ya kammala alamun "Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na Goma". Fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje na tafiya tare, musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ci gaban masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi a ƙasarmu cikin sauri, wanda ke sa yawan shigo da kaya da fitarwa suma ya ƙaru a layi ɗaya.

Zuwa shekarar 2003, yawan fitar da zare na gilashi na ƙasarmu ya wuce rabin jimillar yawan da ake fitarwa. A zahiri, masana'antar zare na gilashi ta ƙasata ta yi daidai da duniya, ta haɗa kai da duniya, kuma fa'idodinta a kasuwar duniya suma suna ƙaruwa. Saboda saurin haɓakar zare na gilashi a ƙasata, buƙatar sabbin fasahohi da sabbin kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje yana ƙaruwa, wanda ya samar da da'irar kirkire-kirkire. Zuwa shekarar 2004, ƙasata ta cimma burinta na dogon lokaci na fitar da kayayyaki fiye da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje.

Zuwa shekarar 2006, yawan fitar da zare na gilashi a kowace shekara a kasarmu ya kai tan miliyan 1.16, karuwar kashi 22%, kuma adadin sayar da kayayyaki ya wuce kashi 99%. Babban jarin kamfanonin zare na gilashi ya wuce yuan biliyan 23.7, karuwar sama da kashi 30%. Duk da cewa farashin kayan masarufi ya karu, ribar ta kuma karu saboda ingantaccen fasaha. Ribar dukkan masana'antar zare na gilashi kusan yuan biliyan 2.6 ne, karuwar kusan kashi 40%. Dangane da fitar da kayayyaki, kudin waje ya samu kusan dala biliyan 1.2, kuma jimillar yawan fitar da kayayyaki ya kai tan 790,000, karuwar kashi 39%. A shekarar 2007, jimillar darajar fitar da kayayyaki a masana'antar zare na gilashi ta kasarmu ta kai biliyan 37.2, karuwar kashi 38% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. Jimillar ribar ta kai yuan biliyan 3.5, karuwar kashi 51% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.

A shekarar 2008, saboda matsalar kuɗi ta duniya, ƙasarmu ma ta fuskanci matsala, kuma fitar da zare na gilashi ya yi tsanani. Saboda koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya baki ɗaya da kuma rashin daidaito tsakanin wadata da buƙata, ƙasata ta haɓaka kayayyakin da ke cikin masana'antar zare na gilashi sosai, kuma an rage asarar da masana'antar zare na gilashi ke yi a ƙasara.

A ƙarshen shekarar 2011, fitar da zaren fiber gilashi a ƙasata ya kai tan miliyan 3.72, wanda ya karu da kashi 17%. Idan aka yi la'akari da fitar da zaren gilashi a Lardin Shandong, yawan fitar da zaren gilashi a Lardin Shandong ya fi yawa, inda ake fitar da tan miliyan 1.25 a kowace shekara, wanda ya karu idan aka kwatanta da bara. Kashi 19%, wanda ya kai kashi 34% na jimillar samar da zaren gilashi a ƙasar. A matsayi na biyu shine Lardin Zhejiang, wanda ya kai kashi 20% na jimillar samarwa. Yayin da masana'antar zaren gilashi ke ƙaruwa da sauri, gasa a cikin masana'antar tana ƙara tsananta, don haka kamfanoni da yawa masu kyau sun fara mai da hankali kan binciken kasuwa, kuma suna ƙoƙarin samar da samfuran da suka dace da duk buƙatun abokan ciniki.

A babban mataki, saboda zuwan haɗin kan duniya, Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tare da ci gaban tattalin arziki na yankin Asiya da Pasifik, buƙatar zaren gilashi har yanzu tana ƙaruwa. Kuma tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasaha, mutane za su yi amfani da zaren gilashi a fannin wutar lantarki ta iska, don haka hasashen masana'antar zaren gilashi ma yana da haske sosai.

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