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Abubuwan da aka haɗa duk an haɗa su tare da zaruruwa masu ƙarfafawa da kayan filastik. Matsayin guduro a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci. Zaɓin guduro yana ƙayyade jerin sigogin tsarin halayen halayen, wasu kaddarorin injiniyoyi da ayyuka (kayan thermal, flammability, juriya na muhalli, da dai sauransu), kaddarorin guduro kuma maɓalli ne don fahimtar kaddarorin injiniyoyi na kayan haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da aka zaɓi resin, taga wanda ke ƙayyade kewayon matakai da kaddarorin abubuwan da aka haɗa ana ƙaddara ta atomatik. Guduro na thermosetting nau'in guduro ne da aka saba amfani da shi don haɗe-haɗen matrix na guduro saboda kyakkyawan iyawar sa. Thermoset resins kusan ruwa ne na musamman ko kuma mai ƙarfi a cikin ɗaki, kuma a zahiri sun fi kama da monomers waɗanda ke yin resin thermoplastic fiye da resin thermoplastic a cikin jihar ƙarshe. Kafin a warke resins na thermosetting, ana iya sarrafa su zuwa nau'i daban-daban, amma da zarar an warke ta hanyar amfani da magunguna, masu farawa ko zafi, ba za a iya sake fasalin su ba saboda ana samun haɗin haɗin sinadarai yayin warkewa, wanda ke sa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sukan rikide su zama masu haɗin kai guda uku. m polymers tare da mafi girma kwayoyin nauyi.

Akwai nau'ikan resin thermosetting iri-iri, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su sune resin phenolic,epoxy resins, bis-doki guduro, vinyl resins, phenolic resins, da dai sauransu.

(1) Phenolic guduro ne farkon thermosetting guduro tare da mai kyau adhesion, mai kyau zafi juriya da dielectric Properties bayan warkewa, da kuma fitattun siffofin sa ne mafi kyau harshen retardant Properties, low zafi saki kudi, low yawan hayaki, da kuma konewa. Gas ɗin da aka saki ba shi da guba. Ƙarfin sarrafawa yana da kyau, kuma za'a iya keɓance abubuwan haɗin kayan da aka haɗa ta hanyar gyare-gyare, jujjuyawar, shimfiɗa hannu, fesa, da tafiyar matakai. Ana amfani da babban adadin phenolic resin-tushen kayan haɗakarwa a cikin kayan ado na ciki na jirgin sama.

(2)Epoxy guduromatrix resin farko ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin jirgin sama. An kwatanta shi da nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri. Daban-daban na warkewa jamiái da accelerators iya samun curing zazzabi kewayon daga dakin zafin jiki zuwa 180 ℃; yana da mafi girma inji Properties; Kyakkyawan nau'in dacewa da fiber; zafi da zafi juriya; kyau kwarai tauri; kyakkyawan masana'anta (kyakkyawan ɗaukar hoto, matsakaicin guduro danko, mai kyau ruwa, bandwidth matsa lamba, da sauransu); dace da overall co-curing gyare-gyaren manyan aka gyara; mai arha. Kyakkyawan tsari na gyare-gyare da kuma fitaccen tauri na resin epoxy ya sa ya mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin matrix na guduro na kayan haɗin gwal.

(3)Vinyl resinan gane a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun resins masu jure lalata. Zai iya jure wa yawancin acid, alkalis, mafita na gishiri da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin takarda, masana'antar sinadarai, kayan lantarki, man fetur, ajiya da sufuri, kare muhalli, jiragen ruwa, Masana'antar Hasken Motoci. Yana yana da halaye na unsaturated polyester da epoxy guduro, sabõda haka, yana da duka biyu da kyau kwarai inji Properties na epoxy guduro da kyakkyawan tsari yi na unsaturated polyester. Bugu da ƙari ga juriya na lalata, wannan nau'in guduro kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi. Ya haɗa da daidaitaccen nau'in, nau'in zafin jiki mai girma, nau'in retardant na harshen wuta, nau'in juriya na tasiri da sauran nau'ikan. Aikace-aikacen resin vinyl a cikin filastik ƙarfafa fiber (FRP) ya dogara ne akan sa hannu, musamman a aikace-aikacen hana lalata. Tare da ci gaban SMC, aikace-aikacen sa a wannan batun shima sananne ne.

(4) An ƙera resin bismaleimide da aka gyara (wanda ake magana da shi azaman resin bismaleimide) don biyan buƙatun sabbin jiragen sama na yaƙi don haɗakar matrix resin resin. Wadannan bukatu sun hada da: manyan aka gyara da hadaddun bayanan martaba a 130 ℃ Manufacturing aka gyara, da dai sauransu Idan aka kwatanta da epoxy guduro, Shuangma guduro ne yafi halin m zafi da zafi juriya da kuma high aiki zafin jiki; Rashin hasara shi ne cewa masana'anta ba su da kyau kamar resin epoxy, kuma zafin jiki yana da girma (curing sama da 185 ℃), kuma yana buƙatar zazzabi na 200 ℃. Ko kuma na dogon lokaci a zafin jiki sama da 200 ℃.
(5) Cyanide (qing diacoustic) ester guduro yana da low dielectric akai (2.8 ~ 3.2) da kuma musamman kananan dielectric asarar tangent (0.002 ~ 0.008), high gilashin mika mulki zazzabi (240 ~ 290 ℃), Low shrinkage, low danshi sha, kyau kwarai. inji Properties da bonding Properties, da dai sauransu, kuma yana da irin wannan fasahar sarrafa to epoxy guduro.
A halin yanzu, an fi amfani da resins na cyanate ta fuskoki uku: allon da'irar da aka buga don dijital mai sauri da tsayi mai tsayi, manyan kayan aikin watsa igiyoyin watsawa da manyan kayan haɗin ginin sararin samaniya.

Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, guduro epoxy, aikin resin epoxy ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da yanayin haɗuwa ba, amma kuma ya dogara ne akan tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ƙungiyar glycidyl a cikin resin epoxy wani yanki ne mai sassauƙa, wanda zai iya rage danko na guduro da inganta aikin tsari, amma a lokaci guda rage juriya na zafi na resin da aka warke. Babban hanyoyin da za a inganta yanayin zafi da injiniyoyi na resins epoxy da aka warke sune ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta da multifunctionalization don ƙara yawan haɗin giciye da gabatar da tsayayyen tsari. Hakika, gabatarwar m tsarin take kaiwa zuwa rage a solubility da kuma karuwa a danko, wanda take kaiwa zuwa rage a epoxy guduro aiwatar yi. Yadda za a inganta juriya na zafin jiki na tsarin resin epoxy abu ne mai mahimmanci. Daga ra'ayi na guduro da wakili na warkewa, mafi yawan ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, mafi girma da yawa na haɗin gwiwa. Mafi girman Tg. Takamaiman aiki: Yi amfani da resin epoxy multifunctional ko wakili na warkewa, yi amfani da guduro mai tsafta mai tsafta. Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce ƙara wani yanki na o-methyl acetaldehyde epoxy resin a cikin tsarin warkewa, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau da ƙananan farashi. Mafi girman matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta, mafi kunkuntar rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma mafi girma Tg. Takamaiman aiki: Yi amfani da resin epoxy mai aiki da yawa ko wakili na warkewa ko wasu hanyoyin tare da rarraba nauyin nauyin ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya.

A matsayin babban aikin guduro matrix da aka yi amfani da shi azaman matrix mai hade, kaddarorin sa daban-daban, kamar su aiwatarwa, kaddarorin thermophysical da kaddarorin inji, dole ne su cika buƙatun aikace-aikace masu amfani. Resin matrix masana'anta ya hada da solubility a cikin kaushi, narke danko (ruwa) da kuma danko canje-canje, da gel canje-canje da zazzabi (tsari taga). A abun da ke ciki na guduro tsari da kuma zabi na dauki zafin jiki ƙayyade da sinadaran dauki motsin rai (cure rate), sinadaran rheological Properties (danko-zazzabi da lokaci), da kuma sinadaran dauki thermodynamics (exothermic). Daban-daban matakai suna da buƙatu daban-daban don ɗankowar guduro. Gabaɗaya magana, don tsarin jujjuyawar, ƙarfin guduro yana kusa da 500cPs; don tsarin pultrusion, dankowar guduro yana kusa da 800 ~ 1200cPs; don tsarin gabatarwar vacuum, dankowar guduro gabaɗaya yana kusa da 300cPs, kuma tsarin RTM na iya zama mafi girma, amma Gabaɗaya, ba zai wuce 800cPs ba; don tsarin prepreg, ana buƙatar danko don zama ingantacciyar inganci, gabaɗaya a kusa da 30000 ~ 50000cPs. Tabbas, waɗannan buƙatun danko suna da alaƙa da kaddarorin tsari, kayan aiki da kayan kansu, kuma ba su da tsayi. Gabaɗaya magana, yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, dankon resin yana raguwa a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki; duk da haka, yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya karu, da curing dauki na guduro kuma ci gaba, kinetically magana, da zafin jiki A dauki ninki biyu ga kowane 10 ℃ karuwa, kuma wannan approximation ne har yanzu da amfani ga kimanta lokacin da danko na reactive guduro tsarin ya karu zuwa wani. wani muhimmin mahimmin danko. Misali, yana ɗaukar mintuna 50 don tsarin guduro tare da danko na 200cPs a 100 ℃ don haɓaka danko zuwa 1000cPs, sannan lokacin da ake buƙata don tsarin guduro iri ɗaya don haɓaka danko na farko daga ƙasa da 200cPs zuwa 1000cPs a 110℃. kamar minti 25. Zaɓin sigogin tsari ya kamata yayi la'akari da danko da lokacin gel. Alal misali, a cikin tsarin gabatarwar injin, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa danko a zafin jiki na aiki yana cikin kewayon danko da ake buƙata ta hanyar tsari, kuma rayuwar tukunyar guduro a wannan zafin jiki dole ne ya kasance mai tsayi don tabbatar da cewa resin. ana iya shigo da su. Don taƙaitawa, zaɓin nau'in resin a cikin tsarin allura dole ne yayi la'akari da ma'anar gel, lokacin cikawa da zafin jiki na kayan. Sauran hanyoyin suna da irin wannan yanayin.

A cikin tsari na gyare-gyare, girman da siffar sashi (mold), nau'in ƙarfafawa, da sigogin tsari sun ƙayyade yawan canjin zafi da tsarin canja wurin taro na tsari. Resin yana magance zafi mai zafi, wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar samuwar haɗin sinadarai. Da yawan haɗin haɗin sinadarai a kowace juzu'in raka'a kowane lokaci naúrar, ana samun ƙarin kuzari. Ƙimar canja wurin zafi na resins da polymers ɗin su gabaɗaya sun yi ƙasa sosai. Matsakaicin cire zafi a lokacin polymerization ba zai iya daidaita ƙimar samar da zafi ba. Waɗannan ƙarin adadin zafi suna haifar da halayen sinadarai don tafiya cikin sauri, yana haifar da ƙari Wannan haɓakar haɓakar kai zai haifar da gazawar damuwa ko lalata sashin. Wannan ya fi fice wajen kera manyan sassa masu kauri, kuma yana da mahimmanci musamman don inganta hanyar aiwatar da magani. Matsalolin "zazzabi mai zafi" na gida wanda ya haifar da babban ƙimar prepreg curing, da kuma bambancin jiha (kamar bambancin zafin jiki) tsakanin taga tsarin duniya da taga tsarin gida duk saboda yadda za a sarrafa tsarin warkewa. "Tsarin yanayin zafi" a cikin ɓangaren (musamman a cikin kauri na ɓangaren ɓangaren), don cimma "daidaita yanayin zafi" ya dogara da tsari (ko aikace-aikacen) na wasu "fasaha na naúrar" a cikin "tsarin masana'antu". Don sassa na bakin ciki, tun lokacin da za a zubar da zafi mai yawa a cikin yanayin, yanayin zafi yana tashi a hankali, kuma wani lokacin ɓangaren ba zai zama cikakke ba. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar amfani da zafi mai ƙarfi don kammala aikin haɗin kai, wato, ci gaba da dumama.

Haɗin kayan da ba na autoclave fasaha yana da alaƙa da fasahar ƙirƙirar autoclave na gargajiya. A faɗin magana, duk wata hanyar samar da kayan haɗaɗɗun kayan da ba ta amfani da kayan aikin autoclave ana iya kiranta fasahar ƙirƙirar ba ta autoclave ba. . Ya zuwa yanzu, aikace-aikacen fasaha na gyare-gyaren da ba autoclave ba a cikin filin sararin samaniya ya haɗa da waɗannan kwatance: fasahar da ba autoclave prepreg ba, fasahar gyare-gyaren ruwa, fasahar gyare-gyaren prepreg, fasahar warkarwa ta microwave, fasahar warkarwa ta lantarki, Daidaitaccen ruwa mai samar da fasaha. . Daga cikin waɗannan fasahohin, fasahar prepreg ta OoA (Outof Autoclave) ta fi kusa da tsarin samar da autoclave na gargajiya, kuma yana da ɗimbin ginshiƙai da ginshiƙai da ginshiƙan tsari ta atomatik, don haka ana ɗaukarsa azaman masana'anta mara saƙa da wataƙila za a iya gane ta. akan babban sikeli. Autoclave kafa fasaha. Wani muhimmin dalili na yin amfani da autoclave don manyan sassa masu haɗakarwa shine don samar da isasshen matsa lamba ga prepreg, mafi girma fiye da matsa lamba na kowane iskar gas yayin warkewa, don hana samuwar pores, kuma wannan shine OoA prepreg Babban wahalar da fasaha ta yana bukatar karya. Ko ana iya sarrafa porosity na ɓangaren a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba kuma aikin sa na iya kaiwa ga aikin autoclave cured laminate shine muhimmin ma'auni don kimanta ingancin OoA prepreg da tsarin gyaran sa.

Haɓaka fasahar prepreg OoA ta farko ta samo asali ne daga haɓakar resin. Akwai manyan maki uku a cikin ci gaban resins don OoA prepregs: ɗaya shine don sarrafa porosity na sassan da aka ƙera, kamar yin amfani da resins ɗin da aka warkar da ƙari don rage rashin ƙarfi a cikin maganin warkewa; na biyu shine don inganta aikin resins da aka warke Don cimma abubuwan da aka samo ta hanyar autoclave, ciki har da kaddarorin thermal da kayan injiniya; na uku shi ne don tabbatar da cewa prepreg yana da kyakkyawan masana'anta, kamar tabbatar da cewa guduro na iya gudana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na matsin yanayi, tabbatar da cewa yana da dogon danko da isasshen zafin daki a waje, da sauransu. bincike da haɓaka kayan aiki bisa ga ƙayyadaddun buƙatun ƙira da hanyoyin aiwatarwa. Ya kamata manyan kwatance su haɗa da: haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya, haɓaka lokacin waje, rage zafin warkewa, da haɓaka danshi da juriya na zafi. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ingantattun ayyuka suna cin karo da juna. , kamar babban tauri da ƙarancin zafin jiki. Kuna buƙatar nemo ma'auni kuma la'akari da shi gabaɗaya!

Baya ga ci gaban resin, hanyar masana'anta na prepreg kuma yana haɓaka haɓaka aikace-aikacen OoA prepreg. Binciken ya gano mahimmancin tashoshi na prepreg don yin laminates na zero-porosity. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa prepregs masu tsaka-tsaki na iya inganta haɓakar iskar gas yadda ya kamata. OoA prepregs suna da ɗan ciki da guduro, kuma ana amfani da busassun zaruruwa azaman tashoshi don fitar da iskar gas. Gas da rashin daidaituwa da ke tattare da maganin ɓangaren na iya zama Ƙarfafawa ta hanyar tashoshi irin su porosity na kashi na ƙarshe shine <1%.
Tsarin jakar jaka na cikin tsarin da ba autoclave forming (OoA) bane. A takaice dai, tsari ne na gyare-gyaren da ke rufe samfurin a tsakanin gyaggyarawa da jakar injin, kuma yana matsar da samfurin ta hanyar vacuum don sanya samfurin ya zama mafi ƙaranci kuma mafi kyawun kayan inji. Babban tsarin masana'antu shine

Da farko, ana amfani da wakili na saki ko zanen saki a kan shimfidar wuri (ko takardar gilashin). Ana duba prepreg bisa ga ma'auni na prepreg da aka yi amfani da shi, musamman ciki har da girman ƙasa, abun ciki na guduro, al'amari maras tabbas da sauran bayanan prepreg. Yanke prepreg zuwa girman. Lokacin yankan, kula da jagorancin zaruruwa. Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar karkatacciyar hanya na zaruruwa don zama ƙasa da 1°. Lamba kowace raka'a mara izini kuma yi rikodin lambar prepreg. Lokacin da aka shimfiɗa yadudduka, ya kamata a shimfiɗa yadudduka daidai da tsari na kwanciya da ake buƙata akan takardar rikodin kwanciya, kuma a haɗa fim ɗin PE ko takarda na saki tare da jagorancin fibers, kuma kumfa iska ya kamata. za a kori tare da shugabanci na zaruruwa. Scraper yana yada prepreg kuma ya kwashe shi kamar yadda zai yiwu don cire iska tsakanin yadudduka. Lokacin kwanciya, wani lokaci ya zama dole don ƙaddamar da prepregs, wanda dole ne a haɗa shi tare da hanyar fiber. A cikin tsarin tsagawa, ya kamata a sami zoba da ƙasan zobe, kuma a riƙa karkatar da ɗigon ruwan kowane Layer. Gabaɗaya, tazarar tazarar prepreg unidirectional shine kamar haka. 1 mm; An ba da izinin prepreg ɗin da aka yi masa sutura kawai don zoba, ba splicing ba, kuma nisa ta zoba shine 10 ~ 15mm. Na gaba, kula da vacuum pre-compaction, kuma kauri na pre-pump ya bambanta bisa ga buƙatu daban-daban. Manufar ita ce ta fitar da iskar da aka makale a cikin shimfidawa da kuma masu canzawa a cikin prepreg don tabbatar da ingancin ciki na bangaren. Sai kuma shimfida kayan taimako da jakar buhunan ruwa. Rufe jaka da warkewa: Abu na ƙarshe shine rashin iya zubar da iska. Lura: Wurin da ake yawan zubar da iska shine haɗin gwiwa.

Muna kuma samarwafiberglass kai tsaye roving,gilashin fiberglass, gilashin fiberglass, kumafiberglass saƙa roving.

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