1. Menene zare na gilashi?
Zaren gilashiana amfani da su sosai saboda ingancinsu da kuma kyawawan kaddarorinsu, musamman a masana'antar haɗa kayan. Tun farkon ƙarni na 18, Turawa sun fahimci cewa ana iya yin amfani da gilashi don yin zare don saka. Akwatin gawar Sarkin Faransa Napoleon ya riga ya kasance yana da kayan ado da aka yi dafiberglassZaren gilashi suna da zare da kuma gajerun zare ko flocs. Ana amfani da zaren gilashi a cikin kayan haɗin kai, kayayyakin roba, bel ɗin jigilar kaya, tarpaulins, da sauransu. Ana amfani da zaren gajerun a cikin zaren da ba a saka ba, robobi na injiniya da kayan haɗin kai.
Abubuwan da ke da kyau na zahiri da na inji na zare na gilashi, sauƙin ƙera su, da ƙarancin farashi idan aka kwatanta dazare na carbonKa sanya shi abin da ake so don amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa masu inganci. Zaruruwan gilashi sun ƙunshi oxides na silica. Zaruruwan gilashi suna da kyawawan halaye na injiniya kamar rashin karyewa, ƙarfi mai yawa, ƙarancin tauri da nauyi mai sauƙi.
Polymers masu ƙarfafa zaren gilashi sun ƙunshi nau'ikan zaren gilashi daban-daban, kamar zaren tsayi, zaren da aka yanka, tabarmar da aka saka, databarmar da aka yanka, kuma ana amfani da su don inganta halayen injiniya da tribological na mahaɗan polymer. Zaruruwan gilashi na iya cimma babban rabo na farko, amma karyewar zaruruwa na iya sa zaruruwa su karye yayin sarrafawa.
1. halayen zaren gilashi
Babban halayen fiber ɗin gilashi sun haɗa da waɗannan fannoni:
Ba shi da sauƙin sha ruwa:Gilashin zare yana hana ruwa shiga kuma bai dace da tufafi ba, domin gumi ba zai shiga ba, wanda hakan ke sa mai sa ya ji jike; saboda ruwa ba ya shafar kayan, ba zai ragu ba.
Rashin daidaituwa:Saboda rashin laushi, yadin ba shi da wani ƙarfi da kuma murmurewa. Saboda haka, suna buƙatar maganin saman don hana wrinkles.
Babban Ƙarfi:Fiberglass yana da ƙarfi sosai, kusan kamar Kevlar. Amma, idan zare ya yi karo da juna, sai ya karye ya sa masakar ta yi kama da mai lanƙwasa.
Rufewa:A takaice dai, fiberglass kyakkyawan insulator ne.
Damar Ragewa:Zare-zaren suna da kyau, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da labule.
Juriyar Zafi:Zaren gilashi suna da juriyar zafi sosai, suna iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 315°C, ba sa fuskantar tasirin hasken rana, bleach, ƙwayoyin cuta, mold, kwari ko alkalis.
Mai sauƙin kamuwa:Sinadarin hydrofluoric acid da hot phosphoric acid suna shafar zare-zare na gilashi. Tunda zare samfurin gilashi ne, ya kamata a kula da wasu zare-zare na gilashi da kyau, kamar kayan rufe gida, saboda ƙarshen zare-zare suna da rauni kuma suna iya huda fata, don haka ya kamata a sa safar hannu lokacin da ake amfani da fiberglass.
3. Tsarin kera zaren gilashi
Zaren gilashizare ne wanda ba na ƙarfe ba wanda a halin yanzu ake amfani da shi sosai a matsayin kayan masana'antu. Gabaɗaya, kayan da ake amfani da su na zaren gilashi sun haɗa da ma'adanai daban-daban na halitta da sinadarai da ɗan adam ya yi, manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa su ne yashi silica, farar ƙasa da kuma tokar soda.
Yashi na silica yana aiki azaman gilashin da aka yi amfani da shi, yayin da tokar soda da dutse mai laushi ke taimakawa wajen rage zafin narkewa. Ƙananan adadin faɗaɗa zafi tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki idan aka kwatanta da asbestos da zare na halitta suna sa fiberglass ya zama abu mai ƙarfi wanda ke wargaza zafi da sauri.
Zaren gilashiAna samar da su ta hanyar narkewa kai tsaye, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai kamar haɗawa, narkewa, juyawa, shafa, busarwa, da marufi. Rukunin shine yanayin farko na ƙera gilashi, inda ake haɗa adadin kayan sosai sannan a aika cakuda zuwa tanderu don narkewa a babban zafin jiki na 1400°C. Wannan zafin ya isa ya mayar da yashi da sauran sinadaran zuwa yanayin narkewa; gilashin da aka narke sannan ya kwarara zuwa cikin mai tacewa kuma zafin ya faɗi zuwa 1370°C.
A lokacin da ake juya zare-zaren gilashi, gilashin da ke narkewa yana fitowa ta cikin hannun riga mai ramuka masu kyau. Ana dumama farantin layin ta hanyar lantarki kuma ana sarrafa zafinsa don kiyaye danko koyaushe. An yi amfani da jirgin ruwa mai saukar ruwa don sanyaya zaren yayin da yake fitowa daga hannun riga a zafin da ya kai kusan 1204°C.
Ana zana gilashin da aka fitar da shi ta hanyar injiniya zuwa zare masu diamita daga 4 μm zuwa 34 μm. Ana samar da matsin lamba ta amfani da na'urar naɗawa mai sauri kuma ana zana gilashin da aka narke cikin zare. A mataki na ƙarshe, ana shafa shafa mai na sinadarai na man shafawa, abubuwan ɗaurewa da abubuwan haɗin kai a kan zare. Man shafawa yana taimakawa wajen kare zare daga gogewa yayin da ake tattara su kuma ana naɗe su cikin fakiti. Bayan an yi girma, zare suna busar da su a cikin tanda; zare suna shirye don ci gaba da sarrafawa zuwa zare, rovings ko zare.
4.amfani da zare na gilashi
Gilashin fiberglass abu ne da ba ya ƙonewa kuma yana riƙe da kusan kashi 25% na ƙarfinsa na farko a zafin 540°C. Yawancin sinadarai ba su da tasiri sosai ga zaruruwan gilashi. Fiberglass marasa tsari ba zai yi laushi ko ya lalace ba. Zaruruwan gilashi suna shafar acid hydrofluoric, hot phosphoric acid da abubuwa masu ƙarfi na alkaline.
Kayan kariya ne mai kyau na lantarki.Yadin fiberglasssuna da halaye kamar ƙarancin sha danshi, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya ga zafi da ƙarancin dielectric constant, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama mafi kyawun ƙarfafawa ga allunan da aka buga da varnish masu rufi.
Babban rabon ƙarfi-da-nauyi na fiberglass ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai kyau don aikace-aikace waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfi mai yawa da ƙarancin nauyi. A cikin nau'in yadi, wannan ƙarfin na iya zama mai jagora ɗaya ko mai jagora biyu, wanda ke ba da damar sassauci a ƙira da farashi don aikace-aikace iri-iri a kasuwar motoci, gine-gine na farar hula, kayan wasanni, jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa, kayan lantarki, makamashin gida da iska.
Ana kuma amfani da su wajen kera kayan haɗin gine-gine, allunan da'ira da aka buga da kuma wasu kayayyaki na musamman. Ana samar da fiber ɗin gilashi a duniya a kowace shekara kimanin tan miliyan 4.5, kuma manyan masu samar da su sune China (kashi 60% na kasuwa), Amurka da Tarayyar Turai.
Chongqing Dujiang Composites Co., Ltd.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-29-2022
