A fayyace ma'ana, fahimtarmu game da zare na gilashi koyaushe ita ce abu ne da ba na ƙarfe ba, amma tare da zurfafa bincike, mun san cewa akwai nau'ikan zare na gilashi da yawa, kuma suna da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma akwai fa'idodi da yawa masu ban mamaki. Misali, ƙarfin injina yana da girma musamman, kuma juriyarsa ga zafi da tsatsa suma suna da kyau musamman. Gaskiya ne cewa babu wani abu da ya cika, kuma zare na gilashi shima yana da nasa kurakuran da ba za a iya watsi da su ba, wato, ba ya jure lalacewa kuma yana iya yin rauni. Saboda haka, a aikace, dole ne mu yi amfani da ƙarfinmu mu guji rauninmu.
Kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen zare gilashi suna da sauƙin samu, galibi tsofaffin kayan gilashi ko gilashi da aka watsar. Zare gilashi yana da kyau sosai, kuma fiye da monofilaments na gilashi 20 tare suna daidai da kauri na gashi. Yawanci ana iya amfani da zare gilashi a matsayin kayan ƙarfafawa a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa. Saboda zurfafa binciken zare gilashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samarwa da rayuwarmu. Labarai na gaba sun fi bayyana tsarin samarwa da amfani da zare gilashi. Wannan labarin ya gabatar da halaye, manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa, manyan halaye, da kuma rarraba zare gilashi. Labarai na gaba za su tattauna tsarin samarwa, kariyar aminci, babban amfani, kariyar aminci, matsayin masana'antu da kuma damar ci gaba.
Igabatarwa
1.1 Abubuwan da ke cikin zare na gilashi
Wani kyakkyawan fasali na zare na gilashi shine ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya kaiwa 6.9g/d a yanayin da aka saba da kuma 5.8g/d a yanayin danshi. Irin waɗannan kyawawan halaye suna sa zare na gilashi sau da yawa Ana iya amfani da shi a duk duniya azaman kayan ƙarfafawa. Yana da yawan A na 2.54. Zare na gilashi kuma yana da juriya sosai ga zafi, kuma yana riƙe da halayensa na yau da kullun a 300°C. Haka kuma ana amfani da zare na gilashi a wani lokacin azaman abin rufe fuska da kariya na zafi, godiya ga halayensa na rufewa da wutar lantarki da rashin iya lalata shi cikin sauƙi.
1.2 Babban sinadaran
Tsarin zaren gilashi yana da sarkakiya. Gabaɗaya, manyan abubuwan da kowa ya gane su ne silica, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide da sauransu. Diamita na zaren gilashi kusan microns 10 ne, wanda yayi daidai da 1/10 na diamita na gashi. Kowace tarin zaren ta ƙunshi dubban monofilaments. Tsarin zane yana da ɗan bambanci. Yawanci, abun da ke cikin silica a cikin zaren gilashi ya kai kashi 50% zuwa 65%. Ƙarfin tauri na zaren gilashi tare da abun da ke cikin aluminum oxide sama da kashi 20% yana da girma, yawanci zaren gilashi mai ƙarfi, yayin da abun da ke cikin aluminum oxide na zaren gilashi mara alkali gabaɗaya kusan kashi 15%. Idan kuna son sanya zaren gilashi ya sami babban modulus na roba, dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa abun da ke cikin magnesium oxide ya fi 10%. Saboda zaren gilashi wanda ke ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin ferric oxide, an inganta juriyarsa ta tsatsa zuwa matakai daban-daban.
1.3 Manyan Sifofi
1.3.1 Kayan aiki da aikace-aikace
Idan aka kwatanta da zare marasa tsari, halayen zare na gilashi sun fi kyau. Yana da wahalar ƙonewa, yana da juriya ga zafi, yana da kariya daga zafi, yana da ƙarfi, kuma yana da juriya ga tauri. Amma yana da rauni kuma yana da juriyar lalacewa. Ana amfani da shi don yin robobi masu ƙarfi ko kuma ana amfani da shi don ƙarfafa roba, kamar yadda zare na gilashi mai ƙarfafawa yana da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Ƙarfin taurinsa ya fi sauran kayan aiki kyau, amma tsawonsa ƙasa ne.
(2) Ma'aunin roba ya fi dacewa.
(3) A cikin iyakar roba, zare na gilashi na iya tsawaita na dogon lokaci kuma yana da matuƙar tauri, don haka yana iya shan babban adadin kuzari idan aka fuskanci buguwa.
(4) Tunda zaren gilashi zaren da ba na halitta ba ne, zaren da ba na halitta ba yana da fa'idodi da yawa, ba shi da sauƙin ƙonewa kuma halayen sinadarai nasa suna da ƙarfi sosai.
(5) Ba abu ne mai sauƙi a sha ruwa ba.
(6) Yana jure zafi kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali, ba shi da sauƙin amsawa.
(7) Ikon sarrafa shi yana da kyau sosai, kuma ana iya sarrafa shi zuwa samfura masu kyau a cikin siffofi daban-daban kamar zare, jijiyoyi, ƙulle-ƙulle, da yadudduka masu laushi.
(8) Zai iya isar da haske.
(9) Domin kayan suna da sauƙin samu, farashin ba shi da tsada.
(10) A zafin jiki mai yawa, maimakon ƙonewa, yana narkewa ya zama ruwan kwalaben ruwa.
1.4 Rarrabawa
Dangane da ƙa'idodin rarrabuwa daban-daban, za a iya raba zaren gilashi zuwa nau'ikan iri-iri. Dangane da siffofi da tsayi daban-daban, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i uku: zaren ci gaba, audugar zare da zaren tsawon da aka tsayar. Dangane da abubuwan da aka haɗa, kamar abubuwan da ke cikin alkali, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i uku: zaren gilashi mara alkali, zaren gilashi matsakaici, da zaren gilashi mai yawan alkali.
1.5 Kayan aikin samarwa
A cikin masana'antu na ainihi, don samar da zaren gilashi, muna buƙatar alumina, yashi quartz, farar ƙasa, pyrophyllite, dolomite, ash soda, mirabilite, boric acid, fluorite, zaren gilashin ƙasa, da sauransu.
1.6 Hanyar samarwa
Za a iya raba hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu zuwa rukuni biyu: ɗaya shine a fara narke zaruruwan gilashi, sannan a yi samfuran gilashi masu siffar zobe ko siffa mai siffar sanda tare da ƙananan diamita. Sannan, ana dumama shi kuma a sake narke shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban don yin zaruruwa masu kyau tare da diamita na 3-80 μm. Ɗayan nau'in kuma yana narke gilashin da farko, amma yana samar da zaruruwan gilashi maimakon sanduna ko ƙwallo. Daga nan sai aka ja samfurin ta cikin farantin ƙarfe na platinum ta amfani da hanyar zane na injiniya. Ana kiran kayayyakin da suka fito da su zaruruwa masu ci gaba. Idan an zana zaruruwa ta hanyar tsarin nadi, ana kiran kayayyakin da suka fito da su zaruruwa masu katsewa, waɗanda kuma aka sani da zaruruwan gilashi masu yankewa zuwa tsayi, da kuma zaruruwan ƙanana.
1.7 Ma'auni
Dangane da nau'ikan abubuwan da aka haɗa, amfani da kuma halayen zaren gilashi, an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan. Zaren gilashin da aka tallata a ƙasashen duniya sune kamar haka:
1.7.1 Gilashin E-gilashi
Gilashin borate ne, wanda kuma ake kira gilashi mara alkali a rayuwar yau da kullun. Saboda fa'idodi da yawa da yake da su, shi ne mafi yawan amfani da shi. A halin yanzu shi ne mafi yawan amfani da shi, kodayake ana amfani da shi sosai, amma kuma yana da gazawa ta musamman. Yana amsawa cikin sauƙi da gishirin da ba na halitta ba, don haka yana da wuya a adana shi a cikin yanayi mai acidic.
1.7.2 Gilashin C
A zahirin samarwa, ana kuma kiransa gilashin alkali matsakaici, wanda ke da kyawawan halaye na sinadarai masu ƙarfi da kuma juriya ga acid. Rashin kyawunsa shine ƙarfin injina ba shi da yawa kuma aikin lantarki ba shi da kyau. Wurare daban-daban suna da ma'auni daban-daban. A cikin masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi na cikin gida, babu sinadarin boron a cikin gilashin alkali matsakaici. Amma a cikin masana'antar fiber ɗin gilashi na ƙasashen waje, abin da suke samarwa shine gilashin alkali matsakaici wanda ke ɗauke da boron. Ba wai kawai abubuwan da ke ciki sun bambanta ba, har ma da rawar da gilashin matsakaici-alkali ke takawa a gida da waje ma ya bambanta. Tabarmar saman fiber ɗin gilashi da sandunan fiber ɗin gilashi da aka samar a ƙasashen waje an yi su ne da gilashin alkali matsakaici. A cikin samarwa, gilashin alkali matsakaici shima yana aiki a cikin kwalta. A ƙasata, dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi sosai saboda ƙarancin farashi, kuma yana aiki ko'ina a cikin masana'antar masana'anta na naɗewa da tacewa.
1.7.3 Gilashin zare Gilashi Gilashi A
A wajen samarwa, mutane suna kiransa da gilashin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin sodium silicate, amma saboda yadda yake jure ruwa, ba a samar da shi a matsayin gilashin zare ba.
Gilashin Fiberglass D 1.7.4
Ana kuma kiransa gilashin dielectric kuma gabaɗaya shine babban kayan da ake amfani da shi don zare na gilashin dielectric.
Gilashin fiber mai ƙarfi 1.7.5
Ƙarfinsa ya fi na zare na gilashi 1/4, kuma tsarinsa na roba ya fi na zare na gilashi 1/4. Saboda fa'idodi daban-daban, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi sosai, amma saboda tsadarsa, a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi ne kawai a wasu muhimman fannoni, kamar masana'antar soja, sararin samaniya da sauransu.
Gilashin AR na fiber na gilashi 1.7.5
Ana kuma kiransa da zare mai jure wa alkali, wanda zare ne mai tsabta wanda ba shi da wani sinadari kuma ana amfani da shi azaman kayan ƙarfafawa a cikin simintin da aka ƙarfafa da zaren gilashi. A wasu yanayi, yana iya maye gurbin ƙarfe da asbestos.
1.7.6 Gilashin fiber E-CR na gilashi
Gilashi ne mai inganci wanda ba shi da boron kuma ba shi da alkali. Saboda juriyarsa ga ruwa ya ninka na zare mai gilashi wanda ba shi da alkali sau 10, ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da kayayyakin da ba su da alkali. Bugu da ƙari, juriyarsa ga acid kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana da matsayi mai ƙarfi a cikin samarwa da amfani da bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Baya ga zare mai gilashi da aka ambata a sama, masana kimiyya yanzu sun ƙirƙiri sabon nau'in zare mai gilashi. Saboda samfuri ne wanda ba shi da boron, yana gamsar da burin mutane na kare muhalli. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, akwai wani nau'in zare mai gilashi wanda ya fi shahara, wanda shine zare mai gilashi mai gilashin biyu. A cikin samfuran ulu na gilashi na yanzu, za mu iya fahimtar wanzuwarsa.
1.8 Gano zare na gilashi
Hanyar rarrabe zare-zaren gilashi abu ne mai sauƙi musamman, wato, a saka zare-zaren gilashi a cikin ruwa, a dafa har sai ruwan ya tafasa, sannan a ajiye shi na tsawon awanni 6-7. Idan ka ga cewa alkiblar zare-zaren gilashi ta yi ƙasa da ƙanƙanta, zare-zaren gilashin alkali ne mai yawa. . Dangane da ƙa'idodi daban-daban, akwai hanyoyi da yawa na rarraba zare-zaren gilashi, waɗanda gabaɗaya aka raba su daga hangen nesa na tsayi da diamita, abun da ke ciki da aiki.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-22-2022
