A cikin ma'ana mai faɗi, fahimtarmu game da fiber gilashin ya kasance koyaushe cewa abu ne na inorganic ba na ƙarfe ba, amma tare da zurfafa bincike, mun san cewa a zahiri akwai nau'ikan filaye na gilashin da yawa, kuma suna da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma a can. suna da yawa fice A abũbuwan amfãni.Misali, ƙarfin injinsa yana da girma musamman, kuma juriyar zafinsa da juriyar lalata su ma suna da kyau musamman.Gaskiya ne cewa babu wani abu da yake cikakke, kuma fiber gilashin kuma yana da nasa gazawar da ba za a iya yin watsi da shi ba, wato, ba ya jurewa kuma mai saurin lalacewa.Saboda haka, a aikace, dole ne mu yi amfani da ƙarfinmu kuma mu guje wa kasawarmu.
Kayan albarkatun fiber gilashi suna da sauƙi don samuwa, galibi da aka jefar da tsoffin gilashin ko samfuran gilashi.Fiber gilashin yana da kyau sosai, kuma fiye da gilashin monofilaments fiye da 20 tare suna daidai da kauri na gashi.Gilashin fiber yawanci ana iya amfani dashi azaman kayan ƙarfafawa a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa.Saboda zurfafa bincike na fiber gilashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samarwa da rayuwarmu.Abubuwan da ke gaba sun fi bayyana tsarin samarwa da aikace-aikacen fiber gilashi.Wannan labarin yana gabatar da kaddarorin, manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, manyan halaye, da rarraba kayan aikin fiber gilashi.Shafukan da ke gaba za su tattauna tsarin samar da shi, kariyar aminci, babban Amfani, kariyar aminci, matsayin masana'antu da kuma abubuwan ci gaba an bayyana su.
Igabatarwa
1.1 Gilashin fiber Properties
Wani kyakkyawan sifa na fiber gilashin shine babban ƙarfin ƙarfinsa, wanda zai iya kaiwa 6.9g/d a daidaitaccen yanayi da 5.8g/d a cikin yanayin rigar.Irin waɗannan kyawawan kaddarorin suna yin fiber gilashi sau da yawa Ana iya amfani da su a duniya azaman kayan ƙarfafawa.Yana da yawa A na 2.54.Fiber ɗin gilashin kuma yana da juriya da zafi sosai, kuma yana riƙe kaddarorinsa na yau da kullun a 300 ° C.Fiberglass kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da shi azaman kayan kariya na zafi da kariya, godiya ga abubuwan da ke sanya wutar lantarki da rashin iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi.
1.2 Babban kayan abinci
Abun da ke ciki na fiber gilashi yana da rikitarwa.Gabaɗaya, manyan abubuwan da kowa ya sani shine silica, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide da sauransu.Diamita na monofilament na fiber gilashi yana da kusan microns 10, wanda yayi daidai da 1/10 na diamita na gashi.Kowane dam na zaruruwa ya ƙunshi dubban monofilaments.Tsarin zane ya ɗan bambanta.Yawancin lokaci, abun ciki na silica a cikin fiber gilashi yana lissafin 50% zuwa 65%.Ƙarfin filaye na gilashin gilashi tare da abun ciki na aluminum oxide akan 20% yana da girma, yawanci filayen gilashi masu ƙarfi, yayin da abun ciki na aluminum oxide na fiber gilashin-free alkali shine kusan 15%.Idan kana so ka sanya fiber gilashin ya zama mafi girma na roba, dole ne ka tabbatar da cewa abun ciki na magnesium oxide ya fi 10%.Saboda fiber gilashin da ke ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin ferric oxide, an inganta juriyar lalatarsa zuwa digiri daban-daban.
1.3 Babban Halayen
1.3.1 Raw kayan da aikace-aikace
Idan aka kwatanta da inorganic zaruruwa, kaddarorin gilashin zaruruwa sun fi girma.Ya fi wuya a iya kunna wuta, mai jure zafi, mai hana zafi, ya fi kwanciyar hankali, da juriya.Amma yana da karye kuma yana da ƙarancin juriya.An yi amfani da shi don yin robobi da aka ƙarfafa ko amfani da su don ƙarfafa roba, kamar yadda fiber gilashin kayan ƙarfafawa yana da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Ƙarfin ƙarfinsa ya fi sauran kayan aiki, amma elongation yana da ƙasa sosai.
(2) Ƙwararren ƙira ya fi dacewa.
(3) A cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka, gilashin gilashin na iya karawa na dogon lokaci kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai, don haka zai iya ɗaukar babban adadin kuzari a fuskar tasiri.
(4) Tunda fiber gilashin fiber na inorganic fiber ne, fiber inorganic yana da fa'idodi da yawa, ba shi da sauƙin ƙonewa kuma abubuwan sinadarai suna da ƙarfi.
(5) Ba shi da sauƙi a sha ruwa.
(6) Mai jure zafi da kwanciyar hankali a yanayi, ba sauƙin amsawa ba.
(7) Ƙarfin sarrafa shi yana da kyau sosai, kuma ana iya sarrafa shi zuwa samfura masu kyau a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban kamar strands, feels, daure, da yadudduka.
(8) Yana iya watsa haske.
(9) Domin kayan suna da sauƙin samuwa, farashin ba ya da tsada.
(10) A yanayin zafi mai yawa, maimakon konewa, sai ya narke ya zama beads na ruwa.
1.4 Rarraba
Bisa ga ma'auni daban-daban, za a iya raba fiber gilashi zuwa nau'i-nau'i iri-iri.Dangane da siffofi daban-daban, ana iya rarrabu zuwa iri uku: Ci gaba da fibers, fiber auduga da tsayayyen zaruruwa.Dangane da sassa daban-daban, kamar abun da ke cikin alkali, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan za'a iya raba su: fiber gilashin da ba shi da alkali, fiber gilashin matsakaici-alkali, da fiber gilashin alkali mai girma.
1.5 Samar da albarkatun kasa
A cikin ainihin samar da masana'antu, don samar da fiber gilashi, muna buƙatar alumina, yashi ma'adini, farar ƙasa, pyrophyllite, dolomite, soda ash, mirabilite, boric acid, fluorite, fiber gilashin ƙasa, da dai sauransu.
1.6 Hanyar samarwa
Ana iya raba hanyoyin samar da masana'antu zuwa kashi biyu: ɗaya shine a fara narkar da zaren gilashin da farko, sannan a yi samfuran gilashin mai siffar zobe ko na sanda tare da ƙananan diamita.Sa'an nan kuma, ana zafi da kuma sake narkewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban don yin zaruruwa masu kyau tare da diamita na 3-80 μm.Wani nau'in kuma yana narkar da gilashin da farko, amma yana samar da filaye na gilashi maimakon sanduna ko sassa.Daga nan aka jawo samfurin ta farantin alloy na platinum ta amfani da hanyar zane na inji.Abubuwan da aka samu ana kiran su zaruruwa masu ci gaba.Idan an zana zaruruwa ta hanyar tsarin abin nadi, abubuwan da aka samu ana kiran su zaruruwa masu katsewa, wanda kuma aka sani da filayen gilashin yanke-zuwa tsayi, da filaye masu mahimmanci.
1.7 Digiri
Bisa ga daban-daban abun da ke ciki, amfani da kaddarorin gilashin fiber, shi ne zuwa kashi daban-daban maki.Filayen gilashin da aka yi ciniki da su a duniya sune kamar haka:
1.7.1 E-gilashin
Gilashin borate ne, wanda kuma ake kira gilashin da ba shi da alkali a rayuwar yau da kullun.Saboda fa'idodinsa da yawa, shi ne aka fi amfani da shi.A halin yanzu shi ne aka fi amfani da shi, kodayake ana amfani da shi sosai, amma kuma yana da nakasu da ba makawa.Yana sauƙin amsawa tare da inorganic salts, don haka yana da wuya a adana a cikin yanayin acidic.
1.7.2 C-gilashin
A ainihin samarwa, ana kuma kiransa gilashin alkali matsakaici, wanda ke da kaddarorin sinadarai masu inganci da juriya mai kyau.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa ƙarfin injin ba shi da yawa kuma aikin lantarki ba shi da kyau.Wurare daban-daban suna da ma'auni daban-daban.A cikin masana'antar fiber gilashin gida, babu sinadarin boron a cikin gilashin alkali matsakaici.Amma a masana'antar fiber gilashin waje, abin da suke samarwa shine matsakaicin gilashin alkali mai dauke da boron.Ba wai kawai abin da ke ciki ya bambanta ba, har ma da rawar da matsakaicin alkali gilashin ke takawa a gida da waje ma daban.Gilashin fiber surface tabarma da gilashin fiber sanduna da aka samar a kasashen waje an yi su da matsakaicin alkali gilashi.A cikin samarwa, matsakaicin alkali gilashin yana aiki a cikin kwalta.A cikin ƙasata, dalilin dalili shine ana amfani da shi sosai saboda ƙarancin farashinsa, kuma yana aiki a ko'ina a cikin masana'anta na nade da tace masana'anta.
1.7.3 Gilashin fiber A gilashi
A wajen kerawa, mutane kuma suna kiransa gilashin alkali mai girma, wanda ke cikin gilashin sodium silicate, amma saboda jurewar ruwa, galibi ba a samar da shi azaman fiber na gilashi.
1.7.4 Gilashin fiberglass D
Ana kuma kiransa gilashin dielectric kuma shine gabaɗaya babban albarkatun ƙasa don filayen gilashin dielectric.
1.7.5 Gilashin fiber mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Ƙarfinsa yana da 1/4 mafi girma fiye da na fiber E-glass, kuma ƙarfinsa ya fi na E-glass fiber.Saboda fa'idodinsa iri-iri, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi sosai, amma saboda tsadar sa, a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi ne kawai a wasu fannoni masu mahimmanci, kamar masana'antar soja, sararin samaniya da sauransu.
1.7.5 Gilashin fiber AR gilashin
Ana kuma kiransa fiber gilashin alkali-resistant, wanda shine zaren fiber mara kyau kuma ana amfani dashi azaman kayan ƙarfafawa a cikin simintin fiber na gilashin ƙarfafa.A karkashin wasu yanayi, yana iya ma maye gurbin karfe da asbestos.
1.7.6 Gilashin fiber E-CR gilashin
Gilashin ingantaccen boron ne kuma ba shi da alkali.Saboda juriyar ruwansa ya kusan sau 10 sama da na fiber gilashin da ba shi da alkali, ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da kayayyakin da ba su da ruwa.Bugu da ƙari, juriya na acid ɗinsa yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci wajen samarwa da aikace-aikacen bututun karkashin kasa.Baya ga filayen gilashin da aka ambata a sama, masana kimiyya yanzu sun kirkiro wani sabon nau'in fiber gilashi.Domin shi samfurin da ba shi da boron, yana biyan bukatun mutane na kare muhalli.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, akwai wani nau'i na gilashin gilashi wanda ya fi shahara, wanda shine gilashin gilashi tare da gilashin gilashi biyu.A cikin samfuran ulu na gilashi na yanzu, zamu iya fahimtar kasancewar sa.
1.8 Gano filayen gilashi
Hanyar bambance filaye na gilashin yana da sauƙi musamman, wato, saka filayen gilashi a cikin ruwa, zafi har sai ruwan ya tafasa, a ajiye shi na tsawon sa'o'i 6-7.Idan ka ga cewa warp da saƙa kwatance na gilashin zaruruwa zama m m, yana da high alkali gilashi zaruruwa..Bisa ga ma'auni daban-daban, akwai hanyoyi da yawa na rarrabuwa na filaye na gilashi, waɗanda aka raba gaba ɗaya daga hangen nesa na tsayi da diamita, abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki.
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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-22-2022
